Bringing The Internet To Cuba, One Flash Drive At A Time

Bringing The Internet To Cuba, One Flash Drive At A Time
The solution is a bit analog, but in a country that is largely shut off
from the World Wide Web, every bit of outside information counts.

Internet access is no longer a privilege. Two years ago, the United
Nations published a report stating that Internet access is a human
right. Now taking that imperative one step further, a Florida-based
human rights organization says that Internet access can and should be
snuck into a country that's been particularly slow on the uptake.

After raising $35,000 in a successful Indiegogo campaign, the Foundation
for Human Rights in Cuba (FHRC) is planning to bring the outside
Internet to 2,500 Cuban families by flash drive, CD, and DVD-carrying
volunteers. Performers Gloria Estefan and Willy Chirino have recorded
videos in a show of support, and the organization plans on using part of
the funds to record a song to popularize its Connect Cuba campaign.

If you're wondering how the vast, tubular Internet can fit on thumb
drives, first, consider how the island's Internet currently works. In
early October, the International Telecommunication Union put out a
report showing that Cuba's Internet costs ranked as the most expensive
in the world compared to average income. "Meanwhile, Cuba's Internet
remains so wildly expensive because it's only available to the average
person at 118 government-run cafes, where computers cost $4.50 an hour
to use," the Washington Post's Caitlin Dewey reports. The average
government worker's salary, however, is $20 a month.

Only 25.64% of Cubans use the Internet, according to the ITU--still a
significant increase from the meager 3.77% of Cubans using the Internet
a decade ago. Much of that has to do with the United States' ongoing
embargo, which has made it exceedingly difficult to purchase and build
up Internet infrastructure, according to Ted Henken, a professor
specializing in contemporary Cuban culture and society at Baruch
College. But on top of lack of access, the Cuban government also
strictly censors online content. Cuban dissident blogger Yoani Sánchez,
for example, relies on friends abroad to post the pieces she sends by email.

Lately, getting outside information onto the island has become a bit
easier following a decision from the Cuban government in early January.
Now, dissidents are able to leave and return to the island without an
exit visa or invitation from someone in their destination country--a
loosening of the requirements installed as part of the revolution after
1959.

But because access to the Internet remains so limited, Cubans use flash
drives to pass along underground magazines and other outside media to
which they wouldn't normally have access. It's not illegal to bring in
outside content, per se, though Cuban officials can be fickle, Henken
explains. Sending in volunteers with hardware to deliver is still risky,
especially for more high-profile activists. One American contractor, for
example, has been detained in Cuba since 2009 for trying to deliver
satellite Internet to Jewish groups on the island--though in his case,
he was bringing actual connectivity equipment, rather than hard data
stored on drives.

The other purpose of getting the flash drives into what we call civil
society in Cuba is to have them share it with each other.
The Connect Cuba campaign aims to deliver flash drives and rewriteable
discs with outside news to existing black market information networks on
the island. Volunteers will pass along the drives to relatives and
friends, who then read the information on their home computers, which
have little to no Internet access. Flash drives might even be stored in
wristbands, like in the photo above.

"In some ways, flash drives, USB drives are the Cuban Internet in terms
of horizontal sharing of information that might come from abroad. That's
smart," Henken said, referring to the FHRC's effort. But he's also
cautious about whatever will be contained on flash drives being
delivered to an Internet-starved country--especially if it ends up being
propaganda, just from the other side.

"To be really smart, [the FHRC] would need to be sure that the
information is pluralistic, and widely representative of different views
and different information," he says. Cubans would have to be aware of
who's giving them this information, and how it's being funded, he added.

According to Jose Luis Martinez, communications director for the Connect
Cuba campaign, the thumb drives would largely contain outside
information, like yesterday's New York Times website. "Anything that's
outside information that's newsworthy--for example, Yoani's blog that's
been banned inside the island," he said. "The other purpose of getting
the flash drives into what we call civil society in Cuba is to have them
share it with each other," he added.

In 2011, the United States Agency for International Development gave the
FHRC a three-year, $3.4 million grant to support civil society in Cuba.
The organization says that funding for the Connect Cuba project will be
accomplished separately from the grant.

Martinez said that the FHRC doesn't yet have a concrete plan as to what
it'll put on the flash drives. Simply getting the rewriteable technology
over there would be a good place to start, he said. The island can take
it from there.

Source: "Bringing The Internet To Cuba, One Flash Drive At A Time |
Co.Exist | ideas + impact" -
http://www.fastcoexist.com/3021146/bringing-the-internet-to-cuba-one-flash-drive-at-a-time